Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the sea's natural products for the world's hungry. It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can, be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic. But the crime lies in society's unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the world's animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea. But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses into the 'continental shelf' waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the quality of life on land.Notes: sewers 下水道。According to the text, which of the following statements is true?A．Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine research.B．Nations throughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed protein.C．There are enough fish in the U.S. seas to allow for the annual protein needs of a quarter of the world's 5 billion people.D．The oceans are the major source of the world's protein supply.
A.B.C.Notes:D.ThoughE.B．NationsF.C．ThereG.S.H.D．The
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Female RelationshipsA. Several new books and films explore the complex relationships between women. Lucy Scholes explains why an issue once sidelined has come into the mainstream.B. Emmeline and Cecilia, the protagonists of Elizabeth Bowen"s 1932 novelTo the Northhappily share a house in London until Emmeline"s world is torn apart—when Cecilia announces she"s engaged to be married. "Timber by timber, Oudenarde Road fell to bits," Emmeline thinks.C. Forty years on and across the Atlantic, Susan, the hero of Claudia Weill"s 1978 film Girlfriends finds herself standing on the same shifting sands in New York when her best friend and roommate Anne makes a similar announcement. Even for those who haven"t seen this relatively obscure film, the plot will move anyone who watchedNoah Baumbach"s Frances Ha(2012), which is also about a woman caught off balance when she"s deserted by her best friend.D. Although both are very much strong individuals—the aspiring photographer Susan inGirlfriends, and the aspiring dancer Frances inFrances Ha—same to these women"s identities is their relationship with their best friend and roommate. "We"re the same person, with different hair," Frances says of her bosom buddy Sophie at the beginning of the film.E. WhatFrances Haand Lena Dunham"s filmTiny Furniture(2010) and her hit TV seriesGirlshave in common are their truthful portrayals of what it"s like to be a young woman struggling to balance career, love life and friendships. Despite the success of the likes of Dunham and Baumbach"s works, there"s yet to be a neat female-to-female equivalent, perhaps precisely because of the complexity involved in female friendships. They can be as formative and significant as romantic relationships: as mutually dependent, as supportive, but also as traumatic and toxic when they go wrong.F. As Virginia Woolf noted in her essay "A Room of One"s Own", capturing these intricacies has traditionally presented a problem: "All these relationships between women, I thought, rapidly recalling the splendid gallery of fictitious women, are too simple. So much has been left out, unattempted." Woolf would surely be pleased by the excess of complex female friendship-focused narratives that exist today.G. The most recent addition to the ever-growing female friendship fiction is Emily Gould"s first novel,Friendship, the story of two 30-year-old best friends, Bev Tunney and Amy Schein, and their attempts to maintain their relationship as each of them is storm-tossed by life in New York. Despite their closeness, they soon find their differing life choices put a strain on their friendship; growing up, they learn, sometimes means growing apart.H.Friendshipis Gould"s first novel but she"s made a career out of writing on a variety of popular blogs, the first of which led to a job at the New York-based gossip site Gawker.The New York Times, re-visiting Gould on the eve of the publication ofFriendship, pointed out, "a case could be made that Ms. Gould"s realistic brand of self-exposure anticipated a wave of confessional writing that paved the way forGirls".I. These more realistic fictions might also be considered the fictional representatives of the fourth wave feminism advocated by the likes of Caitlin Moran, the British newspaper columnist, who, since the publication of her bookHow to Be a Woman, has become something of model for the cause, along with Dunham. "Do you believe that women should be paid the same for doing the same jobs" the writer and actress asked in an interview last year, complaining about women who claim not to be feminists. "Do you believe that women should be allowed to leave the house Do you think that women and men both deserve equal rights Great, then you"re a feminist."J. So does the current popularity of female friendship-focused culture simply follow the fairly rich, although often overlooked, tradition of female friendships in literature and film Or, does it specifically reflect this new wave of feminism Carol Dyhouse, in her study "Girl Trouble: Panic and Protest in the History of Young Women", says this feminism, and Moran"s book in particular, is characterised by "common sense"; for example, about how we reconcile our career ambitions with having a family without, as Amy puts it inFriendship, "children and domesticity and making it seem like they are the goals of women"s lives, the only legitimate goals women"s lives can have"K. InFriendshipthe relationship between the two central characters allows for the working through of conflicting ideas about how best to be a modern woman. How, for example, does a woman like Amy who feels so strongly about the bonds of motherhood, learn to respect and appreciate the choice Bev makes without looking down on herL. The fact thatGirlfriends, despite being nearly 40 years old, sets up a similar plot between its two central characters reminds us that these problems aren"t as new as we might think. The film was recently screened at the British Film Institute in London to packed audiences who wanted to see "the original Frances Ha/Girls". Similarly, Rona Jaffe"s novel of career girls in 1950s New York,The Best of Everything, was republished and found a newly appreciative audience. There is clearly a huge appetite for these stories right now: issues that were once sidelined have now become main stream.M. Look between the cracks, and there"s a healthy tradition of female friendship narratives that crosses literary genres: from Edna O"Brien"sThe Country Girls(1960); through Mary McCarthy"sThe Group(1963);Shirley Conran"s Lace(1982); and most recently, British novelist Emma Jane Unsworth"s novelAnimals(2014).N. Although in many ways examples likeGirlfriendsandThe Best of Everythingare very much products of the period they were filmed or written in, there"s something refreshingly contemporary in their focus on female friendships. These examples, from Bowen through to Gould, show that female friendships play just as significant roles in women"s lives today as they always have, it"s just taken a while for them to be seen and taken seriously, and this new-found emphasis is filtering down through all genres of film, literature and TV.O. And about time too, for as Woolf shrewdly summarised it, the depiction of a woman seen only in relation to men, "how small a part of a woman"s life is that".
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