What’’s good for the poor is good for America Part 1 Although its prosperity depends on a worldwide network of trade, finance and technology, the United States currently treats the rest of the world, and especially the developing world, as if it barely exists. Much of the poorer world is in turmoil, caught in a vicious circle of disease, poverty and political instability. Large-scale financial and scientific help from the rich nations is an investment worth making, not only for humanitarian reasons, but also because even remote countries in turmoil become outposts of disorder for the rest of the world. The biggest priority of next week’’s Genoa Summit should be for the rich countries, above all the United States, to get serious about contributing to global economic development. The principal goal of foreign policy is now almost containment’’s opposite: helping to ensure that all parts of the world, including the poorest, are integrated into global economic and ecological networks in mutually beneficial ways. Unfortunately, American presidents in recent times have not acknowledged that this goal requires massive foreign-policy investments. America’’s foreign aid is 0.1% of GDP, a derisory shadow of what it used to be, and roughly one-third of the European level. Following America’’s lead, most of the large economies have allowed their own foreign-assistance programmes to shrink since the end of the cold war. Even when the United States reaped a peace dividend of more than 2% of GDP in reduced defence spending after 1990, it cut, rather than increased, foreign-assistance spending as a share of national income. Part 2 The Bush administration and Congress must find their way to a renewal of American foreign policy and the sensible international investments that will be needed to back it up. The president’’s core team knows the world and its risks. Last year’’s Meltzer Commission, on which I served, demonstrated that there could be a bipartisan consensus on the need for much more American help for the poorest countries. The new chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Joseph Biden, is ideally suited by knowledge and temperament to help lead a bipartisan foreign-policy effort with the Bush administration. Here are some guidelines for investing in foreign policy in today’’s global economy. First, we must identify the areas where money can really make a difference. Keenest attention should be paid to the world’’s poorest regions, the ones most likely to fall prey to the vicious circle of poverty, disease and state collapse. Remarkably, only around one-sixth of American aid is currently directed to the 48 least-developed countries, most of which are in Africa. Help for these countries should come in two ways: as direct support for national programmes to fight disease, malnutrition and illiteracy, when those programmes make sense and are honestly administered; and through programmes to develop new technologies to overcome barriers to long-term economic development. Second, the United States should end its decade-long war against the United Nations agencies. Specialised organisations such as the World Health Organisation, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, UNAIDS and the United Nations Development Programme need to be bolstered with more money and administrative reforms, not squeezed financially to the point of collapse. These agencies would be greatly strengthened by closer and properly financed links with America’’s own top-rank institutions, such as the National Institutes of Health and the Centres for Disease Control. Third, and surely most important, the Bush administration must explain to Americans that a big increase in budgetary outlays on behalf of economic development in the world’’s poorest and most unstable regions is an investment in core American interests and values. All serious professional estimates show that the fight against AIDS in the developing countries will require at least $ 2 billion-3 billion a year from the United States government for the global fund-rather more than the $ 200 million so far promised. External assistance for Africa will require not the current miserly $ 1 billion from America, but a several-fold increase, if profound problems have a chance of being overcome. Sub-Saharan Africa, neglected by the United States, has routinely received a sum equivalent to around one-sixth of the American aid given to the Middle East. Part 3 Fifty years ago a soldier-statesman, General George Marshall, then secretary of state, explained to Americans that urgent financial support for Europe would stabilize societies destroyed by the second world war and the post-war economic crises. Such aid would unleash Europe’’s potential for recovery to everyone’’s mutual benefit. His vision was exactly on the mark. Winston Churchill called the resulting Marshall Plan "the most unsordid act in history". The United States once again has a soldier-statesman, Colin Powell, as secretary of state. A new Powell Plan to mobilize American technology and finances, both public and private, on behalf of the economic development of the world’’s poor countries would be a fitting follow-up to the Marshall Plan. The world, and America, would be enormously safer and more prosperous as a Result.Questions 31 - 33Below is a list of headings, choose the most suitable choices for parts (1-4) and write the appropriate numbers (i-iv) on your answer sheet.Note: There are more headings than you need so you will not use all of them and you may use any heading more than once.List of headingi. Jeffrey Sachs on where Uncle Sam should be more generous, and the reasonii. the United States should end its decade-long war against the United Nations agencies iii. Re-inventing foreign aid v. A Powell Plan
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A: You are washing your car even on vacation. It makes me feel guilty. B: ______.
A．Though I'm washing my car on vacation, I was still criticized by my wife being lazy.
B．Never mind. Everyone does.
C．You shouldn't. It's just that I have nothing better to do at the moment.
D．Well, I'm afraid I can't do better than this.
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