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What Is It？
At the Center for Sickle-Cell Anemia in Benin City, Nigeria, Tope' s mother learned that sickle-cell anemia is a disorder of the blood. Contrary to superstitious beliefs, it has nothing to do with witchcraft or spirits of the dead. Children inherit sickle-cell anemia from both parents. It is not contagious. There is no way you can catch the disorder from another person. Either you are born with it or you are not. Tope's mother also learned that while there is no cure, the symptoms can be treated.
Sickle-cell anemia occurs mostly in those of African. descent. Dr. I. U. Omoike, director of the Center for Sickle-Cell Anemia, told Awake !: "Nigeria has the largest black population of any nation and therefore has the largest number of sicklers of any nation. That makes this country the sickle-cell capital of the world." According to the Daily Times of Lagos, about one million Nigerians have sickle-cell anemia, and 60,000 die of it each year.
A Problem in the Blood
To understand the disorder, we need to know what blood does and how it moves through the body. An illustration helps. Imagine a country that depends on imported food to feed people living in rural villages. Trucks drive to the capital city where they are loaded with food. They leave the city along major highways, but as they enter the rural areas, the roads narrow.
If everything goes well, the trucks reach their destination, drop off their food, and then return to the city to collect more food for the next delivery. If many of the trucks break down, however, the food spoils and other trucks are blocked from passing. Then the people in the villages have little to eat.
In like manner, the red ceils in the blood travel to the lungs where they pick up a supply of oxygen-food for the body. They then leave the lungs and travel swiftly through major arteries to all parts of the body. Eventually, the "roads" become so small that the red cells can move only in single file through tiny blood vessels. It is there that they deposit their load of oxygen, which feeds the cells of the body.
A normal red blood cell is round like a coin-and moves through the smallest blood vessels quite easily. But in people who have sickle-cell anemia, the blood cells break down. They lose their round shape and take the form. of a banana or a sickle — a farmer's implement. These sickled blood cells get stuck in the small veins of the body, like a truck in the mud, blocking other red blood cells from passing. When the flow of blood to a part of the body is reduced, the oxygen supply is cut off and the result is a painful crisis.
A typical sickle-cell crisis results in cruciating pain in bones and joints. Crises are unpredictable; they can occur rarely as often as every month. When they do occur, they are distressing to both child and parent. Ihunde is a nurse Who works at the sickle-cell center. "It is not easy to manage a sickler child," she says. "I know, because my daughter has the disorder. The pain comes suddenly. She screams and cries, and I cry. Only after two or three days, maybe after a week, will the pain subside."
According to the passage, which is NOT TRUE of sickle-cell anemia？
A．It is inherited.
B．It is not contagious.
C．It can be cured.
D．It occurs mostly in Africans.
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影响健康的社会经济环境不包括（）
A.个人健康状况
B.社会地位
C.文化背景
D.社会支持网络
E.受教育程度
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关于外周神经冲动能否传入高级神经中枢引起疼痛的学说是（）
A.闸门控制学说 B.神经传导学说 C.牙本质传导学说 D.流体动力学理论 E.以上都不对
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第五套人民币各面值纸币正面右上方有装饰图案，将票面置于与眼睛接近平行的位置，面对光源作平面旋转（），可看到阿拉伯数字面额字样。
A.45或90
B.60或70
C.45或70
D.45或80
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患者男，22岁。诉全身疼痛伴恶心、腹痛1天前来就诊。患者表现烦躁不安，心率加快、流涕流泪、震颤、恶心、呕吐。体查发现患者腹部平软，无压痛反跳痛，双上肢静脉有多处陈旧性针痕。神经系统检查无异常。大便常规、血常规、腹部B超均未见明显异常。患者否认有药物滥用史，但乞求医生注射哌替啶止痛。一旦尿吗啡检测阳性，对患者目前的处理正确的是给予（）
A . A.纳曲酮
B . 纳洛酮
C . 丁丙诺啡
D . 吗啡
E . 心理暗示
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Scala中构造列表的两个基本*单位是（）。
A.NilB.NillC.：：D.List
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[说明] 某软件公司在研发一个城镇居民保险系统时，为了加快进度，测试工作在系统开发初步完成之后开始并直接进行系统测试。测试工程师针对界面进行了功能测试。测试工程师和开发工程师借助缺陷管理工具...测试开展的时间是过早、过晚还是合适？说明理由。
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2009版保养制度中规定，JNP6120G-1系列车型三级保养对空气悬挂系统（ECAS）工作情况的检查技术要求包括（）。
A . 系统无故障报警
B . 车身平衡良好
C . 起升、降低功能正常
D . 空气悬挂气囊安装牢固、无漏气
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买方市场下的采购策略包括：可以采用旺季少购，淡季多购的策略，利用季节差价，控制采购成本。
A.对 B.错
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公有制的主体地位主要体现在
A.公有资产在社会总资产中占优势
B.国有经济控制国民经济命脉，对经济发展起主导作用
C.公有资产在各个地方和产业中都占优势
D.国有经济在国民经济中的比重不断提高
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心肌梗死患者血清中活性升高的转氨酶是( ) A．GPT B．GOT C．A和C D．A或者C
A.GPTB.GOTC.A和C
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由基金管理部门负责征收社会保障税的方法相比较由税务机关负责来说，更有助于保证所有雇主遵守缴纳税款，但可能会加大雇主的纳税成本。
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J．Martin指出，以下因素： Ⅰ．程序的适应性差 Ⅱ．数据格式的不一致导致数据的共享性差 Ⅲ．系统开发方法选择不当 Ⅳ．开发工具选择不当 哪个(些)是造成数据处理生产效率低的主要原因?A．Ⅰ，Ⅱ和ⅢB．Ⅰ，Ⅱ和ⅣC．Ⅰ，Ⅲ和ⅣD．全部
A.Martin指出，以下因素：B.程序的适应性差C.数据格式的不一致导致数据的共享性差D.系统开发方法选择不当E.开发工具选择不当F.Ⅰ，Ⅱ和ⅢB．Ⅰ，Ⅱ和ⅣC．Ⅰ，Ⅲ和ⅣD．全部
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爱马仕原本是一个（）名。
A.场所
B.地名
C.山名
D.人名
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根据对患者人身造成的损害程度，医疗事故分为（）级。
A . 3B . 4C . 5D . 6
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