在研究“铁生锈的条件及防治”的实验中，某兴趣小组对实验进行了创新设计，请把实验报告补充完整。【实验目的】铁
在研究“铁生锈的条件及防治”的实验中，某兴趣小组对实验进行了创新设计，请把实验报告补充完整。 【实验目的】铁生锈条件的探究。 【实验内容】取3段光亮无锈的细铁丝，绕成螺旋状，放 入3支干燥洁净的试管底部，进行下列实验，实验要保证有足够长的时间来观察现象。 【实验现象】实验①②无明显现象，实验③中铁丝生锈，且试管内空气体积减小。 （1）【实验结论】铁生锈实际上是铁与空气中的 _________ 、________（填名称）发生反应的结果。 【实验思考】当铁丝足量，时间足够长，实验③进入试管内的水的体积约占试管体积的____________。 （2）该实验创新之处在于：可根据铁丝表面的铁锈和 ___________两种现象来判断铁丝反应进行的情况。 （3）用完的菜刀要擦干存放，理由是____________。 （4）铝比铁活泼，但铝难腐蚀，原因是______________。 （5）为了防止钢铁锈蚀，人们常将铁制成不锈钢，不锈钢属于__________（填“纯净物”或“混合物”）。此外还可以采用在铁器表面涂刷矿物油或镀上其他金属等覆盖保护膜的方法，此方法能防止锈蚀的原理是____________。 （6）媒体报道每年因生锈而浪费的钢铁非常严重，请你用方程式表达如何用稀硫酸处理铁锈（Fe 2 O 3 ） ___________。
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Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain' s physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage. 'That may seem like bad news,' said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down. The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the 'reserve' hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare. Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal. 'Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,' Coffey said. 'People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting at adulthood.' There is, however, a 'remarkable range' of shrinkage among people who show no signs no mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood. In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss. Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain. For example, Coffey' s team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone' s mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be 'a proxy for many things'. More-educated people, he noted, are often less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team' s findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. 'The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),' he said. 'My hunch is that we can.' According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing them selves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles. 'A hot topic down the road,' Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline. Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may sA．ageB．educationC．healthD．exercise
A.B.C.D.E.F.5G.'H.I.J.K.77L.M.N.O.'P.Q.R.ageB．educationC．health
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