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4.简述换热器总传热速率方程及其各项参数意义。
Please choose one word for each blank from the following words:
eventually employed jobless shrunk benefits impact productive prosperity displaced swept
Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were ___1___ aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has ___2___ many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.
For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising ___3___. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more ___4___ society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was ___5___ on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered ___6___, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has___7___, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.
Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its ___8___. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's ___9___ will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but ___10___ sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.
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