Until about four decades ago, crop yields in agricultural systems depended on (1) resources, recycling organic matter, built-in biological control mechanisms and rainfall patterns. Agricultural yields were (2) but stable. Production was (3) by growing more than one crop or variety in space and time in a field as insurance against pest (4) or severe weather. Inputs of nitrogen were (5) by rotating major field crops with legumes. In turn, rotations suppressed insects, weeds and diseases by effectively (6) the life cycles of these pests. A typical corn belt farmer grew corn (7) with several crops including soybeans, and small grain production was intrinsic to maintain livestock. Most of the labor was done by the family with occasional hired help and no (8) equipment or services were purchased from off4arm sources. In these type of farming systems the link between agriculture and ecology was quite (9) and signs of environment degradation were seldom evident. But as agriculture modernization (10) the ecology-farming linkage was often broken as ecological principles were (11) . In fact, several agricultural scientists have arrived at a (12) consensus that modem agriculture confronts an environment crisis. A growing number of people have become concerned about the long-term (13) of existing food production systems. Evidence has shown that (14) the present capital-and-technology-intensive fanning systems have been extremely productive and competitive, they also bring a (15) of economic, environmental and social problems. Evidence also shows that the very nature of the agricultural structure and prevailing polices have led to this environmental (16) by favoring large farm size, specialized production, crop monocultures and mechanization. Today as more and more farmers are integrated (17) international economies, imperatives to (18) disappear and monocultures are rewarded by economies of scale. In turn, lack of rotations and diversification (19) key self-regulating mechanisms, turning monocultures into highly (20) agro-ecosystems dependent on high chemical inputs.
Until about four decades ago, crop yields in agricultural systems depended on (1) resources, recycling organic matter, built-in biological control mechanisms and rainfall patterns. Agricultural yields were (2) but stable. Production was (3) by growing more than one crop or variety in space and time in a field as insurance against pest (4) or severe weather. Inputs of nitrogen were (5) by rotating major field crops with legumes. In turn, rotations suppressed insects, weeds and diseases by effectively (6) the life cycles of these pests. A typical corn belt farmer grew corn (7) with several crops including soybeans, and small grain production was intrinsic to maintain livestock. Most of the labor was done by the family with occasional hired help and no (8) equipment or services were purchased from off4arm sources. In these type of farming systems the link between agriculture and ecology was quite (9) and signs of environment degradation were seldom evident.
But as agriculture modernization (10) the ecology-farming linkage was often broken as ecological principles were (11) . In fact, several agricultural scientists have arrived at a (12) consensus that modem agriculture confronts an environment crisis. A growing number of people have become concerned about the long-term (13) of existing food production systems. Evidence has shown that (14) the present capital-and-technology-intensive fanning systems have been extremely productive and competitive, they also bring a (15) of economic, environmental and social problems.
Evidence also shows that the very nature of the agricultural structure and prevailing polices have led to this environmental (16) by favoring large farm size, specialized production, crop monocultures and mechanization. Today as more and more farmers are integrated (17) international economies, imperatives to (18) disappear and monocultures are rewarded by economies of scale. In turn, lack of rotations and diversification (19) key self-regulating mechanisms, turning monocultures into highly (20) agro-ecosystems dependent on high chemical inputs.
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Maslow的需要层次论由低到高的排序，正确的是（ ）。
A.生理需要、安全需要、尊敬与被尊敬的需要、爱与归属的需要、自我实现的需要 B.生理需要、安全需要、爱与归属的需要、尊敬与被尊敬的需要、自我实现的需要 C.生理需要、爱与归属的需要、尊敬与被尊敬的需要、安全需要、自我实现的需要 D.爱与归属的需要、生理需要、安全需要、自我实现的需要、尊敬与被尊敬的需要 E.安全需要、生理需要、爱与归属的需要、尊敬与被尊敬的需要、自我实现的需要
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An American group developed the rooftop (屋顶) gardening in the early 1980s.The group is known as ECHO. This idea was to help people living in cities who have no land to grow vegetables. And now it is becoming increasingly popular in many other countries.
To build a rooftop garden, four things are necessary. You need a roof strong enough and four pieces of wood to build a box. Grass cutting in which to plant your garden and a thin piece of plastic on which to put the cut grass are also necessary.
Begin by testing your roof to make sure it is strong enough. Cut and collect some grass. Cover the roof with a thin piece of plastic. Then you build a box from the four piece of wood. The box has no top or bottom. It should be about 8cm deep. It can be as long and as wide as needed. Put the box on the plastic. Then fill in with the cut grass. Water the grass and push it down by walking on it. After about three weeks, the rooftop box is ready for planting.
Put the seeds directly into the wet grass. It is important that the grass is kept wet until the plants begin to grow. When the plants are growing, you will need to water them every day unless it rains. And birds must be prevented from eating the seeds or new plants. They will also need some liquid fertilizer (液体化肥). You can make your own liquid fertilizer if you can get waste from chickens. Put the chicken waste in a cloth bag. Then put the bag in a big container (容器) of water. After about one week, the water becomes a good liquid fertilizer.
The rooftop garden is a good place for peas, tomatoes and onions. Potatoes and carrots will also grow if the box is deep enough.
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