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4 The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to popula tion. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings be tween individuals of the opposite sex. This is essentially a "group selection" argu- ment. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This "genetic" argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an indi vidual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the popula tion consisted mostly of females, then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an "evolutionarily stable strategy. " Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essen tial feature of a game that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing. Since Fisher’s time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chro mosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining (X or Y) chromo some, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of fe males. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher’s argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host--the larva of another insect--and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immedi ately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strate gy.
A．conducted their research at approximately the same timeB．sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studiedC．sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stableD．studied reproduction in the same animal species
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健康保险的保险标的是（），除重大疾病保险以外，绝大多数健康险的合同期限通常是（）
A.被保险人所受的伤害、半年期
B.被保险人的生命、一年期
C.被保险人的身体、一年期
D.被保险人的疾病、半年期
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由不同深度的进度计划构成的进度计划系统，包括( )。
A．项目总进度计划
B．项目子系统进度计划
C．项目子系统中的单项工程进度计划
D．控制性进度计划
E．指导性进度计划
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住院幼儿其心理变化过程一般分为反抗、失望、否定三个阶段（）。
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软胶囊的崩解时间为（）
A.15分钟
B.30分钟
C.1小时
D.2小时
E.3小时
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依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，必须健全社会主义法治，即必须（）。
A.维护宪法和法律的尊严
B.逐步建立和完善我国社会主义法律体系
C.完善民主监督、监察和审计
D.完善依法行政制度和司法制度
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以下哪个标签不是HTML 5的语义化标签（）。
A.< header>< /header>
B.< section>< /section>
C.< marquee>< /marquee>
D.< article>< /article>
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轴向拉伸和压缩杆件的横截面上只有()
A. 切应力 B. 正应力 C. 剪力 D. 轴力
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在线电子交易可分为在线货物销售、电子信息交易和在线服务三类。
A.对 B.错
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使用开票软件180425的成品油企业，当月已开并成功上传到税局的成品油增值税专用发票能否作废（）。
A、可以录入发票代码和号码作废
B、不能作废
C、只能下月红冲
D、可以作废
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二代临时身份证正面在紫外灯光下会出现荧光数字，有几位？（）
A . 8位
B . 10位
C . 12位
D . 11位
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使用聚乙烯热收缩套时固定口搭接部位的（）应打磨至表面粗糙。
A . A、管道
B . B、表
C . C、聚乙烯层
D . D、表层
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门店是连锁企业总部各项政策、制度、标准、规范的执行单位，也是利润的直接创造者，其基本职能不包括（ ）
A . 销售管理B . 门店开发管理C . 情报管理
D . 环境管理
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企业在选择操作系统的时候考虑因素中最不重要的是（）。
A . 整体拥有成本（TOC）
B . 新系统和原系统的兼容性和可协同工作的能力
C . 系统界面的美观程度
D . 系统的可移植性
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