British psychologist have found evidence of a link between excessive internet use and depression, a research has shown. Leeds University researchers writing in the Psychopathology journal, said a small proportion of Internet users were classed as Internet addicts and the people in this group were more likely to be depressed than non-addicted users. The article on the relationship between excessive Internet use and depression, a questionnaire-based study of 1,319 young people and adults, used data gathered from respondents to links placed on UK-based social networking sites. The respondents answered questions about how much time they spent on the Internet and what they used it for; they also completed the Beck Depression inventory—a series of questions designed to measure the severity of depression. The six-page report, by the university’s Institute of Psychological Sciences said 18 of the people who completed the questionnaire were Internet addicts. "Our research indicates that excessive Internet use is associated with depression, but what we don’t know is which comes first—are depressed people drawn to the Internet or does the Internet cause depression" the article’s lead author, Dr. Catriona Morrison said. "What is clear is that, for a small part of people, excessive use of the Internet could be a warning signal for depressive tendencies. " The age range of all respondents was between 16 and 51 years, with a mean age of 21.24. The mean age of the 18 Internet addicts, 13 of whom were male and five female, was 18.3 years. By comparing the scale of depression within this group to that within a group of 18 non-addicted Internet users, researchers found the Internet addicts had a higher incidence of moderate to severe depression than non-addicts. They also discovered that addicts spent proportionately more time browsing sexually pleasing websites, online gaming sites and online communities. " This study reinforces the public speculation that over-engaging in websites that serve to re place normal social function might be linked to psychological disorders like depression and addiction," Moprrison said. "We now need to consider the wider societal implication of this relationship and establish clearly the effects of excessive Internet use on mental health. " It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出)something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 "words"— string of alphabetic or numerical characters—ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.
A. it involves a change in one’s behaviorB. it keeps information for later useC. it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD. it enables one to remember events that happened in the past
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