Samuel H. Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. This finding shows the change in lifestyles (生活方式) and duties of aging Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents some time after their own children have grown up. Because Americans are living longer than ever, more researchers and social workers have begun to study care giving to improve care of the elderly. When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use community (社区) services, such as adult (成人) daycare centres. If the care givers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other business. However, the wife of an elderly person is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discovered that the reason for this difference was fear of becoming poor. An ill elderly person may live for years, and medical care and nursing homes are very expensive. An elderly couple’s savings can disappear very quickly. The other half, usually the wife, can be left in poor living conditions. As a result, she often tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can.
Samuel H. Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches 40 years of age, they have more parents than children. This finding shows the change in lifestyles (生活方式) and duties of aging Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents some time after their own children have grown up.
Because Americans are living longer than ever, more researchers and social workers have begun to study care giving to improve care of the elderly. When people care for an elderly relative, they often do not use community (社区) services, such as adult (成人) daycare centres. If the care givers are adult children, they are more likely to use such services, especially because they often have jobs and other business. However, the wife of an elderly person is much less likely to use support services or to put the dependent person in a nursing home. Social workers discovered that the reason for this difference was fear of becoming poor. An ill elderly person may live for years, and medical care and nursing homes are very expensive. An elderly couple’s savings can disappear very quickly. The other half, usually the wife, can be left in poor living conditions. As a result, she often tries to take care of her husband herself for as long as she can.
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某房地产开发企业以4000万元竞拍到一宗别墅用地的土地使用权。该地块面积为20000m2，规划容积率为0.5，绿地率不低于35%。预期投资利润率为35%，销售税费为销售收入的6%。产品定位为高档别墅区，按规划容积率进行产品设计，预计建筑安装工程造价为建筑面积2000元/m2，小区配套及基础设施工程和建设期间税费为建筑面积1500元/m2，可销售比率为95%。促销工作的安排是：开盘前在当地晚报大幅面刊登项目即将开盘的消息;开盘当日在当地电视台播出开盘情况，组织足够的置业顾问对看房人进行全程陪同和产品介绍，并对当日前十名下订单的客户赠送车库。项目按预定计划进行建设，在项目施工进入后期即将面市时，政府发布了关于严格限制别墅用地供应的通知。成本导向定价法确定项目均价为（ ）元/m2。
A.9552 B.10771 C.11297 D.11338
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I.《英汉互译实践与技巧》：
PP. 179-194
II. Practice:
a. Translating the following sentences.
1. What does exist falls into two general categories: (a) description of specific executive coaching methodologies by practitioners in the field and (b) definition and designation of the practice.
2. David N. Berg and Kenwyn K. Smith(1985) are among the researchers who view self-security as indispensable to effective work.
b. Find out the problems with the English translation.
格莱斯会话含义理论在文学分析中的应用
——以奥斯卡·王尔德的戏剧为个案的研究
摘要：本文试图通过使用格莱斯的合作原则和会话含义理论分析剧作家王尔德的著名作品《不可儿戏》中的经典对话。文章首先阐释格莱斯的理论，其后将利用这一理论对王尔德戏剧中的一些对话的会话含义进行推导，论证格莱斯理论在分析语言中的强大解释力。同时指出其理论的不完美之处，并提出得体理论，并通过分析王尔德剧中对话论证其在语言分析中的重要性和功能。通过分析，本文得出结论，合作原则和得体原则两个原则结合起来，协调运作，就完全能保证人们的言语交际正常的、顺利的、效果最佳的进行。
关键词：合作原则；会话含义；得体原则；王尔德
A Study of Conversational Implicature
--The Practical Application in the Play of Oscar Wilde
Abstract: This paper tries to analyze some typical conversations in the famous play of The Importance of Being Ernest of Oscar Wilde with the theory of Cooperative Principle and some conversations Implicature Theory of Grice. Grice’s theories will be presented and some conversations in the play will be quoted. The implicature of the conversations are inferred. So we can see that the CP theory is very powerful in conversational implicature inference. However, this theory is not perfect, thus the principle of tact is added here for complete analysis to the language. Several cases are also analyzed with the tact principle to prove its importance and function. So we make conclusion that we should combine Grice's theory with the tact principle in both language analyzing and common language communication to achieve the best effect.
Keywords: Cooperative Principle; Conversational Implicature; Tact Principle; Oscar Wilde
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